We Know: All About Sinus Infections What are sinus infections? Also known as sinusitis, a sinus infection is a recurrent condition with cold-like symptoms that won't go away. It results in swelling around the face, headache, and coughs. Sinus infections are most likely the result of bacterial infections, and affect 37 million Americans annually. What are the sinuses? Sinuses are open cavities in the body. The areas around your nose contain several of these cavities, and these open air spaces are known as the paranasal passages. The paranasal passages join with the nasal passages to facilitate the exchange of air and mucus. The paranasal passages consist of: Frontal sinuses over the eyes. Maxillary sinus in the cheekbones. Ethmoid sinuses behind the bridge of the nose. Sphenoid sinuses behind the ethmoid sinuses. Bacterial infections cause inflammation of the sinuses, blocking the passageways and trapping air and other mucous secretions. This builds pressure up in the sinus and the surrounding region, causing aches and pain. What are the symptoms of sinus infections? Just because you have a cold doesn't mean you'll be predisposed to having a sinus infection. Symptoms last more than a week, and usually don't go away with the usual cough and cold medicines. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, typical symptoms of sinusitis include: Congestion Green or gray nasal discharge Bad breath Postnasal drip leading to a sore throat Headaches, most notably in the morning after you wake up Chronic cough Swelling resulting in pain Fever Weakness Reduction in smell and taste sensations What are the different types of sinus infections? There are two types of sinus infections. Acute sinusitis occurs as a result of bacterial infections stemming from a viral-induced cold. This condition is typically caused by the awakening of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenza, which reside in the upper respiratory tract, by the virus. Acute sinusitis is also caused by rhinitis or hay fever. Chronic sinusitis is commonly diagnosed when an individual has two or more occurrences of sinus infections that require antibiotic treatment for two or more years. Sufferers of chronic sinusitis also suffer from allergies to airborne agents and asthma. Individuals with depressed immune responses are more prone to developing sinus infections. How are sinus infections diagnosed and treated? If your symptoms last longer than two weeks, it is time to seek medical attention. You will probably be referred to an allergist, who will conduct an exam and test you for allergies, take a sinus x-ray, possibly take a sampling of sinus secretions, or conduct an MRI or CT scan. Antibiotics are prescribed if the infection stems from a bacterial source. The doctor may recommend nasal sprays or decongestants to clear up sinuses. Endoscopic nasal surgery may be used to relieve individuals from symptoms of chronic sinusitis. How can I prevent sinus infections? If you're sensitive to sinus infections, you want to take steps to avoid contact with possible allergens that can trigger or worsen the condition. Prevention includes: Using a humidifier in the home if the air is dry Using an air conditioner to keep temperatures steady Using electrostatic filters to weed out allergens Avoiding cigarette smoke and alcohol Avoiding contact with ill people and washing your hands constantly Avoiding air pollution
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