We Know: All About Glutamine What is glutamine? Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids of the human body. Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it can be made by the body. Glutamine is one the most abundantly produced amino acids in the human body. Glutamine comes in the L-form and D-form isomers. D-glutamine does not appear to have any biological functions. L-glutamine is the form commonly found in animal protein. It is known by its three letter symbol, Gln, or its one letter abbreviation, q. Where does glutamine come from? Glutamine is made in the body from the conversion of glutamic acid by the enzyme, glutamine synthetase. Where is glutamine found? The majority (60%) of glutamine is stored in skeletal muscle. The remaining glutamine is divided between the lung, liver, brain, and stomach. What function does glutamine serve in the human body? Glutamine serves a number of functions in the human body, including: Metabolism Glutamine aids in nitrogen metabolism. It is also used to create other biological molecules responsible in metabolism. Is a building block in the synthesis of nucleotides. Maintaining muscle function. Used by white blood cells in immunity Cleansing properties that protect intestinal and stomach tissue from irritations as in stomach ulcers. Is the only amino acid which can pass through the blood-brain barrier. Glutamine is used to synthesize GABA, a molecule crucial to normal mental functioning. As a mouth rinse, glutamine can help treat mouth sores arising from chemotherapy treatments for cancer. What happens with glutamine deficiencies? Glutamine deficiencies can occur during illnesses like the common cold, surgery, or acute trauma. Stress can also induce glutamine loss. Too little glutamine in the body triggers a breakdown of muscle, resulting in muscle loss. Deficiencies in glutamine affect the way nitrogen is transported in the body. Is glutamine supplementation available? Glutamine supplements are sold in health food stores and in drug stores as a powder form. Weight lifters and body builders commonly use glutamine powder after intense exercises to replenish their muscle's store of glutamine. Individuals who suffer from muscle cramps or who have muscle loss may also use glutamine supplements. Is glutamine supplementation good for everyone? Pregnant or nursing women should consult medical professionals before taking glutamine. Are there any precautions associated with taking glutamine? Methotextrate, a drug used to treat certain forms of cancer and psoriasis, may affect glutamine function. Are there any side effects associated with glutamine supplements? Although rare, glutamine may cause gastrointestinal irritation, resulting in constipation and bloating. It has also been known to cause headaches by some.
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